Pap Smear & HPV Test in Singapore by A/Prof Fong Yoke Fai

What is a Pap Smear and HPV test?

Pap smear and HPV tests are important screenings used to detect cervical cancer and certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in Singapore. These screenings are crucial for early detection and intervention, increasing the chances of successful treatment and better outcomes.

Pap smears, also known as a Pap test, involves collecting cells from your cervix to examine for any abnormal changes and identify early signs of cervical cancer or precancerous conditions. A HPV test checks for the presence of high-risk HPV strains that are known to cause cervical cancer. It involves testing a sample of cells from your cervix for HPV DNA.

Generally, both tests are performed together, providing a comprehensive evaluation of cervical health and the risk of developing cervical cancer. Regular Pap smears and HPV tests are recommended for women starting at a certain age or as advised by your obstetrician/gynaecologist.

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How does a Pap Smear and HPV test work in Singapore?

During a Pap smear, a speculum will be gently inserted into your vagina to visualise your cervix. Using a small brush or spatula, sample cells will be collected from the surface of the cervix to be sent to a laboratory for analysis. These cells are examined to check for any abnormalities or precancerous changes.

An HPV test is usually performed in conjunction with the Pap smear. It involves collecting cells from your cervix using a swab or a brush which is then sent to a laboratory to get tested for the presence of high-risk strains of HPV.

These are usually performed relatively quickly and may be performed during a pelvic exam. It is normal to experience mild discomfort or pressure during the collection process, but it is generally well-tolerated by most patients.

Benefits of Pap Smear and HPV test in Singapore

Early detection of cervical cancer
Prevention of cervical cancer
Detection of high-risk HPV strains
Identification of HPV-related conditions
Early intervention and treatment
Improved overall health

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What conditions can Pap Smear and HPV test detect?

A Pap smear or HPV test can be used to detect the following conditions:

Abnormal cervical cells
Precancerous cervical lesions
High-risk HPV infection(s)
HPV-related genital warts
Risk assessment for cervical cancer

What results can I expect after Pap Smear and HPV test in Singapore?

Results following a Pap smear and HPV test include:

Normal results: this means both the Pap smear and HPV test did not detect any abnormalities or high-risk HPV infection, indicating that your cervical cells appear healthy and your risk for cervical cancer is low.
Abnormal Pap smear results: further evaluation may be needed to determine the significance of these changes. It may not mean that you have cancer, but additional tests may be recommended to assess the extent of the abnormality.
Positive HPV test results: this indicates the presence of high-risk HPV strains. It may not mean that you have cancer, but it does increase your risk. Additional testing and follow-up may be required to monitor if any changes in your cervical cells happen.
Inconclusive results: in some cases, the results may return inconclusive and require repeated testing or further evaluation to obtain more accurate information about your cervical health.

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How many treatment sessions are needed?

The number of treatment sessions needed for a Pap smear or HPV testing depends on various factors, including your age, medical history, and test results.

Here are some general guidelines:

Pap smear: recommended every 3 years starting at age 21.
HPV test: recommended every 5 years (if your results are negative) starting at age 30. If high-risk HPV is detected, additional follow-up and testing may be required.

Frequently asked questions

Is a Pap smear the same as an HPV test?

No, a Pap smear and HPV test are not the same but are often done together for cervical cancer screening. A Pap smear checks for abnormal cell changes in your cervix, while an HPV test detects the presence of high-risk HPV strains.

Does a Pap smear always include HPV testing?

Generally, a Pap smear and HPV testing are performed together but they can also be done separately. The inclusion of HPV testing in a Pap smear can vary based on factors like age, risk factors, and medical guidelines.

Who should get a regular Pap smear or HPV test?

Regular Pap smears or HPV tests are recommended for women starting at age 21. You should consult your obstetrician/gynaecologist for specific screening schedule(s) based on your needs and risk factors.

Pap Smear & HPV Test